A few things TADS is known for below. (Maybe Quest 5 has added them by now, not sure.)
Disambiguation is controllable. For example, when the user tries to OPEN THE BOX and there are multiple boxes, the programmer can specify for which boxes OPEN makes more sense, in which case the parser will not ask “which box do you mean…”
Implied actions are also fully controllable. The code can specify preconditions that must be met for an action to be possible. If a precondition is not met, the parser will try to satisfy that precondition automatically. For example, for DRILL HOLE IN WALL to be possible, you can create a precondition that specifies that the drill must be plugged in. That means that if the player tries to drill a hole with an unplugged drill, the parser will try to automatically plug the drill in a wall socket. The programmer can however limit this, as to not allow the parser to solve puzzles on its own.
Parameterized messages. You can switch between past/present tense, first/second/third person at will without needing multiple versions of your prose. You write: “Opening {the dobj/him} reveal{s|ed} a ham sandwitch” and the system generates the correct message.
Operator overloading. See C++. In short, you can define what operators (=, +, *, etc) do for your objects. Imagine having a shelf of books and you can refer to the 4th book in it with “bookshelf[4]”.
Multi-methods. This allows calling specific implementations of methods based on the types of multiple objects, not just the object the method is called on.
Dynamic object creation. You can create new objects after the game is already running. Imagine a food dispenser that when used creates new food items. (If you know C or C++, that’s the equivalent to C’s “malloc()” and C++'s “new”.) A garbage collector also takes care of cleaning up when you don’t need those objects anymore.
Exception handling. This allows you to separate code that handles errors from the rest of the code.
Anonymous functions and reflection.
I’m getting tired, I’ll stop here 
Edit:
To be fair though, Quest does some things TADS doesn’t. For example video support.